{"321191":{"#nid":"321191","#data":{"type":"news","title":"The Factory of the Future Will Be Shaped by the Internet of Things","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAround the globe, intelligent and pervasive industrial automation has been catapulted in recent years to a top national or regional priority. Known by different names, e.g., \u201cAdvanced Manufacturing\u201d, \u201cSmart Manufacturing\u201d, \u201cIndustry 4.0\u201d or \u201cFactories of the Future\u201d to highlight a few, these initiatives all bear the same characteristics, i.e., transforming the manufacturing process from a patchwork of isolated silos to a nimble and seamless whole fully integrated with the downstream and upstream production environment. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThere is, in fact, a close link between modern manufacturing and the advent of the Internet of Things.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe European Union as a Benchmark\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Factories of the Future (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/research\/industrial_technologies\/factories-of-the-future_en.html\u0022\u003EFoF\u003C\/a\u003E) multi-annual \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.effra.eu\/attachments\/article\/129\/Factories%20of%20the%20Future%202020%20Roadmap.pdf\u0022\u003Eroadmap\u003C\/a\u003E for the years 2014-2020 under \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/programmes\/horizon2020\/\u0022\u003EHorizon 2020\u003C\/a\u003E, the European Union (EU) Framework Program for Research and Innovation, sets a vision that echoes similar projects worldwide. In particular, it \u201coutlines routes towards high added value manufacturing technologies for the factories of the future, which will be clean, highly performing, environmental friendly and socially sustainable.\u201d The EU FoF roadmap sums it up clearly: the factory of the future will be lean, agile and totally integrated.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, this evolution will not take place in a vacuum. Thanks to the timely convergence of technological, regulatory and societal trends, the communications space is progressively absorbing a new class of denizens, i.e., \u201cthings\u201d of all forms and purposes, which are central to what is now being dubbed the \u201cInternet of Things or IoT\u201d.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Internet of Things as a Catalyst and Purpose\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Internet of Things, following the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.itu.int\/ITU-T\/newslog\/New+ITU+Standards+Define+The+Internet+Of+Things+And+Provide+The+Blueprints+For+Its+Development.aspx\u0022\u003Edefinition\u003C\/a\u003E of the International Telecommunication Union, is \u201ca global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on, existing and evolving, interoperable information and communication technologies.\u201d It is in the process of being brought to life by many enabling technologies (sensors and actuators, [wireless and wired] networks, [high performance] computing, energy harvesting and storage, encryption [cybersecurity], modeling \u0026amp; simulation, software analytics, etc.).\u0026nbsp; The IoT-related technologies will be accelerating the arrival of the Factory of the Future.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThese technologies, when combined together into a system, are best described as \u201cCyber-Physical Systems (CPS)\u201d. According to the US National Science Foundation (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/funding\/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=503286\u0022\u003ENSF\u003C\/a\u003E), \u201cCyber-physical systems (CPS) are engineered systems that are built from, and depend upon, the seamless integration of computational algorithms and physical components. Advances in CPS will enable capability, adaptability, scalability, resiliency, safety, security, and usability that will far exceed the simple embedded systems of today.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFraunhofer, Europe\u2019s largest application-oriented research organization, made the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.fraunhofer.de\/en\/events\/trade-fairs\/hm2014\/factory-of-future-hannover-messe-2014.html\u0022\u003Econnection\u003C\/a\u003E between the \u201cfactory of the future\u201d, CPS and IoT while exhibiting their \u201cfactory of the future\u201d concept at the last Hannover Messe in April 2014: \u201cThe industry needs new solutions for cost-efficient production processes that also preserve resources. The \u0022Integrated Industry\u0022 sector has, thus, been in the focus of many research activities at Fraunhofer for some time. Cyber-physical systems link the virtual world to objects of the real world. This creates the \u0022Internet of things\u0022 where real products and production processes are linked to the Internet. This accelerates processes and helps to better utilize resources.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETherefore, the Internet of Things will be at the same time a catalyst as well as a goal of the industrial automation currently underway.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECritical Facets of the Factories of the Future\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFuture factories will be shaped by the Internet of Things. As this evolution unfolds, several critical features and challenges will emerge such as the ones presented below, which do not necessarily make up an exhaustive list:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELesser importance of location\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThanks to the immersion of IoT technologies, some functions that are integral to manufacturing need no longer to be co-located while some can be controlled and monitored from faraway places. This is the case for example with additive manufacturing or 3D printing, as it is often called, which allows decoupling of design and prototyping.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENon-vanishing impact of the human factor\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EParadoxically, increased automation requires additional manpower, modifying the nature of the demand for labor, e.g., growing requirements for information technology proficiency.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENeed for new business models\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith the rise of platforms and overwhelming software content (see \u201cThat thing looks like hardware, but it\u2019s software now - Building great software on time is at the heart of more and more \u0022hardware\u0022 projects, \u201c by \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/radar.oreilly.com\/2014\/03\/that-thing-looks-like-hardware-but-its-software-now.html#more-59943\u0022\u003EJim Stogdill\u003C\/a\u003E at O\u2019Reilly Radar \u2013 March 25, 2014), manufacturers will increasingly partner with other suppliers that have a different set of skills and expertise, calling for a rejuvenation of their business model (from a one-time hardware sale to ongoing service as a result of two converging trends, i.e.,\u0026nbsp; product \u201cservitization\u201d and software-as-a service.) \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEnvironment-friendly mandates for production and products\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIoT technologies will provide the tools to optimize the energy consumption and limit the emission of pollutants. Also, tracking solutions embedded in newly manufactured products, relying on Location-Based Services (LBS), will help lessen the damaging consequences on the environment of e-waste.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERole of standards and international collaboration\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIoT Standards should facilitate industrial automation. There are many initiatives (too many to list here), in the IoT standardization arena currently underway. Of special interest to the manufacturing industry given the crucial role of timing and synchronization, in June 2014, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) announced its support of a CPS-centered research project (\u201c\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/sites.google.com\/site\/roselineproject\/\u0022\u003ERoseLine\u003C\/a\u003E\u201d), which is \u201cto develop new clocking technologies, synchronization protocols, operating system methods, as well as control and sensing algorithms.\u201d The \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/mobile\/news\/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=131691\u0026amp;org=NSF\u0026amp;from=news\u0022\u003ENSF press release\u003C\/a\u003E indicates that this research activity is \u201cto improve the accuracy, efficiency, robustness and security with which computers maintain knowledge of time and synchronize it with other networked devices in the emerging \u0022Internet of Things\u0022 (June 13, 2014).\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBeyond interoperability and application, standards will be needed at the product level. This is not lost on many product-focused groups such as IPC (a.k.a. \u201cthe Association Connecting the Electronics Industries\u201d, a not-for-profit trade association and standards-developing organization, which represents all facets of the electronics industry, including design, printed board manufacturing, electronics assembly and test).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor instance, the program of the IPC TechSummit in October 28-29, 2014 makes room for the Internet of Things. In particular, one of the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.ipc.org\/html\/es\/keynote-sessions.htm\u0022\u003Ekeynote sessions\u003C\/a\u003E will examine \u201cthe packaging building blocks and emerging technologies required to enable the Internet of Things,\u201d while another one will review key market and industry structural changes that are reshaping the supply chain such as\u0026nbsp; \u201cthe emerging \u0022Internet of Things\u0022, [which] will also drive significant volumes of low-cost wireless modules and sensors that adapt technologies spawned initially within the mobile and automotive sectors.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERegarding the need for international cooperation in this area, let\u2019s note a recent initiative (i.e., the Coalition for the Advancement of MicroElectronic Systems Technology (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.pcb007.com\/pages\/zone.cgi?a=93418\u0022\u003ECAMEST\u003C\/a\u003E)), which is dedicated to the identification and dissemination of the critical technology application knowledge needed for the further development of the electronics industry.\u0026nbsp;This new group identifies gaps in design, manufacturing, test and reliability across all aspects of electronic component assembly and subsystem manufacturing from semiconductor to final assembly. It is an independent organization aimed at fostering collaboration among the global electronics industry, academia, and government. It arose from the efforts of \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/jisso.ipc.org\/jic_mission_p1.htm\u0022\u003EJISSO\u003C\/a\u003E North America (JNAC), which serves as a forum for members to share information. The Japanese term jisso, for which there is no English word, is not an abbreviation; it evokes the idea of total solutions.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThe Pivotal Role of Manufacturing in the Realization of the Internet of Things\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn his recent book on IoT architecture, \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/it-ebooks.info\/book\/3272\/\u0022\u003ERethinking the Internet of Things\u003C\/a\u003E, Francis daCosta summarizes well the impact of IoT technologies on factories: \u201cWith the increasing automation of the factory floor, the autonomous or semiautonomous lower\u2013level control and feedback loops made possible through distributed intelligence within the Internet of Things may allow for higher production and better use of human resources. If integrator functions can handle lower-level adjustments and controls of operating machinery, human eyes and minds may be freed for longer-term analysis and optimization, based on exception and historical data collected at a higher level. (p. 135).\u201d What Siemens calls \u201cTotally Integrated Automation or TIA\u201d represents, for all intents and purposes, the ultimate outcome of the IoT insertion in the manufacturing process.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHowever, factories of the future will not only be molded by IoT technologies but also become an essential building block of the Internet of Things.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESmart Manufacturing is but one facet of the intricate relationship between IoT and the production process. \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.manufacturing.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGTMI\u003C\/a\u003E Executive Director Dr. Ben Wang succinctly and compellingly underscores this fundamental \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.cdait.gatech.edu\/people\/ben-wang\u0022\u003Etwo-way connection\u003C\/a\u003E: \u201cSmart Manufacturing and Manufacturing Smart are two symbiotic emerging trends that are central to both the radical transformation of the entire manufacturing industry and the development of the Internet of Things.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIndeed, manufacturing will be expected in a not-too-distant future to incorporate \u201cintelligence readiness\u201d in all products as society will progressively be relying on an IoT-supported infrastructure. This is true both in the Business-to-Consumer (B2C) and Business-to-Business (B2B) markets. In this regard, it\u0027s worth noting that Internet of Things technologies are one of the Physical Internet (Pi, \u03c0) key pillars. The Physical Internet is a groundbreaking, comprehensive logistics system that aims at optimizing the way physical objects are transported, handled, stored, realized, supplied and used throughout the world.\u0026nbsp; As Dr. Benoit Montreuil who has conceived and developed this innovative concept \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/physicalinternetinitiative.org\/.%5CTowards%20a%20Physical%20Internet%20-%20Document%20-%20Benoit%20Montreuil.pdf\u0022\u003Eexplains\u003C\/a\u003E: \u201cthe Physical Internet is to exploit as best as possible the Internet of Things to enable the ubiquitous connectivity of its \u03c0-containers and \u03c0-systems.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cManufacturing Smart\u201d is a non-trivial challenge since building the Internet of Things straddles a wide range of disciplines. Adrian McEwen and Hakim Cassimally in their must-read guide on \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.wiley.com\/WileyCDA\/WileyTitle\/productCd-111843062X.html\u0022\u003EDesigning the Internet of Things\u003C\/a\u003E eloquently make this very point: \u201cThe Internet of Things is, or should be, the \u201cInternet of Beautiful Things\u201d, and every object, as well as being a crafted, designed, and engineered object, is, or could be, the work of an artist also. Of course, it is a rare Renaissance individual who covers all these disciplines with the fluency and ease that are conducive to creating a truly successful product (p. 19).\u201d As a result, priority will have to be given to the education and training of the future and current industrial workforce that support and effectively foster the IoT-led manufacturing transformation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbout the authors\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAndrew Dugenske is the Director of the Factory Information Systems (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.fis.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EFIS\u003C\/a\u003E) Laboratory at the Georgia Institute of Technology (\u201cGeorgia Tech\u201d) Manufacturing Institute (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.manufacturing.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EGTMI\u003C\/a\u003E). He is also founder and C.E.O. of Factory Right LLC, a software company that provides information technology solutions to manufacturing enterprises and was co-founder and president of Great Technological Collaborations Inc. He is a member of the National Electronics Manufacturing Initiative (NEMI) FIS working and implementation groups, the NEMI road mapping team, several IPC technical committees, the JISSO International Council and the joint NEMI-IPC CAMX standardization committees.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlain Louchez is the Managing Director of the Center for the Development and Application of Internet of Things Technologies (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.cdait.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ECDAIT\u003C\/a\u003E) at Georgia Tech. He chaired the Telecommunication Union (ITU) \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.itu.int\/en\/ITU-T\/Workshops-and-Seminars\/iot\/201402\/Pages\/default.aspx\u0022\u003Econference\u003C\/a\u003E, on \u201cInternet of Things: Trends and challenges in standardization\u201d held in Geneva at the ITU headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, on February 18, 2014, and will be chairing the IoT standards session at the Second Annual Internet of Things Global\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/eu-ems.com\/agenda.asp?event_id=221\u0026amp;page_id=1909\u0022\u003E Summit\u003C\/a\u003E to be held in in Washington, DC, USA, on October 27-28, 2014.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"by Andrew Dugenske and Alain Louchez, Georgia Institute of Technology"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAround the globe, intelligent and pervasive industrial automation has been catapulted in recent years to a top national or regional priority. Known by different names, e.g., \u201cAdvanced Manufacturing\u201d, \u201cSmart Manufacturing\u201d, \u201cIndustry 4.0\u201d or \u201cFactories of the Future\u201d to highlight a few, these initiatives all bear the same characteristics, i.e., transforming the manufacturing process from a patchwork of isolated silos to a nimble and seamless whole fully integrated with the downstream and upstream production environment.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The IoT-related technologies will be accelerating the arrival of the Factory of the Future."}],"uid":"28069","created_gmt":"2014-09-03 15:36:59","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:16:59","author":"Laura Day","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2014-09-03T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2014-09-03T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"321181":{"id":"321181","type":"image","title":"AndyAlain","body":null,"created":"1449245011","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 16:03:31","changed":"1475895032","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:32","alt":"AndyAlain","file":{"fid":"200105","name":"andrew_dugenskenew.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/andrew_dugenskenew_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/andrew_dugenskenew_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":47599,"path_740":"http:\/\/tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/andrew_dugenskenew_0.jpg?itok=GGzuxhnP"}}},"media_ids":["321181"],"groups":[{"id":"155831","name":"Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute (GTMI)"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"131","name":"Economic Development and Policy"},{"id":"42941","name":"Art Research"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"}],"keywords":[{"id":"101671","name":"Internet of Things; manufacturing; Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EFor more information about the Georgia Tech Manufacturing Institute, visit the website at \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.manufacturing.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003Ewww.manufacturing.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E or email Marketing Communications Manager Laura Reilly at \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.reilly@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.reilly@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}}}